Soil freeze-thaw stimulates nitrous oxide emissions from alpine meadows

The rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere lead to global warming, which is a major challenge for the sustainable development of human society. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau with widespread distribution of seasonal frozen soil is very sensitive to global warming. Soil freeze-thaw is a common natural phenomenon in the plateau, which can not only change the water and heat conditions, and the physical and chemical properties of soil, but also influence greatly the biosphere-atmosphere exchanges of greenhouse gases.

In a recently published study in Agricultural Ecosystem and Environment, scientists from Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences continuously investigated the methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes between biosphere and atmosphere in an alpine Potentilla fruticosa shrub meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau over three years.

They found that the annual CH4 uptake and temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) were at the low end of the range for natural grasslands in China, which indicated that global warming at the same extent would result in less of an increase in the CH4 sink in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

The N2O emissions during the spring thaw period showed a tremendous inter-annual variation, which was closely linked to the variation in annual precipitation, especially the precipitation of the previous growing season. The high substrate concentrations and soil moisture during the spring thaw periods together provided the conditions for pulse N2O emissions.

Global warming prolongs the duration of soil freeze-thaw on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and therefore, would stimulate the emissions of N2O, a greenhouse gas with nearly 300 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide that also depletes stratospheric ozone.

Research paper